The India Power Atlas
Part VIII · The State
Chapter 32

The Civil Services

Arena 7.4 · weight 1 · reading 56.5 · contested

32.1Scope

The officers who run the State.1

The arena is measured by control of postings (by the Union, and by state governments over IAS and IPS officers in their cadres), discounted by the documented lean of the senior service against Hindutva-aligned positions.

32.2Significance

Speed of implementation, leaks, obstruction. Borrowed power that leaves when the BJP leaves office.

32.3Indicators and weights

Table 32.1 lists the 1 indicators of the arena, the weight of each within the arena, and each indicator’s reading (the Hindutva-aligned share, from 0 to 100).

Table 32.1. Indicators of arena 7.4

IndicatorWeightReading
Control of postings × (1 − opposing actors drag)1.0056.5
Arena reading1.0056.5

32.4Reading

The arena reads 56.5, 6.5 points above parity, and is classified as contested (a reading from 45 to below 60). With a weight of 1 of a total 107.7, it contributes 0.52 points to the composite reading of 45.7.

Figure 32.1. Readings of arena 7.4 by indicator
050100
Control of postings × (1 − opposing actors drag)56.5
Arena reading56.5
Hindutva-alignedOpposed

Each bar divides the indicator between Hindutva-aligned (left) and opposed (right) holdings. The vertical rule marks parity.

32.5Measures and exhibits

The exhibits below are the Atlas’s own views of the data behind each measure: shares by side, the largest units, breakdowns by source, recipient and country, money-flow diagrams and time series. Full row-level ledgers are in the data file (Appendix D).

Measure 1. Control of postings × (1 − Opposed drag)

Reading 56.5%

0.5 × Union postings (100) + 0.5 × IAS/IPS officers in NDA-run cadres, × (1 − drag 35.5%). Drag = 0.5 (share of decisions left to officers, assumed) × 71% Opposed lean of documented acts.

Figure 32.2. Indians by who governs their state, % of people
BJP CM 73.4 % · 73.4%NDA ally 4.34 % · 4.3%INDIA bloc 14.5 % · 14.5%Other party 7.74 % · 7.7%
Data table
%Share
BJP CM73.473.4%
NDA ally4.344.3%
INDIA bloc14.514.5%
Other party7.747.7%
Figure 32.3. States by population, % of Indians
Uttar Pradesh17.1
Bihar9.29
Maharashtra9.08
West Bengal7.06
Madhya Pradesh6.3
Rajasthan5.88
Tamil Nadu5.45
Gujarat5.2
Karnataka4.84
Andhra Pradesh3.77
Odisha3.14
Jharkhand2.88
Telangana2.71
Assam2.58
Kerala2.54
Haryana2.2
Punjab2.2
Chhattisgarh2.19
Delhi (NCT)1.58
Jammu and Kashmir (UT)0.98
Uttarakhand0.84
Himachal Pradesh0.53
Tripura0.3
Meghalaya0.24
Manipur0.23
Nagaland0.16
Puducherry (UT)0.12
Arunachal Pradesh0.11
Goa0.11
Mizoram0.09
BJP CMNDA allyINDIA blocOther party
Data table
%Side
Uttar Pradesh17.1BJP CM
Bihar9.29BJP CM
Maharashtra9.08BJP CM
West Bengal7.06BJP CM
Madhya Pradesh6.3BJP CM
Rajasthan5.88BJP CM
Tamil Nadu5.45Other party
Gujarat5.2BJP CM
Karnataka4.84INDIA bloc
Andhra Pradesh3.77NDA ally
Odisha3.14BJP CM
Jharkhand2.88INDIA bloc
Telangana2.71INDIA bloc
Assam2.58BJP CM
Kerala2.54INDIA bloc
Haryana2.2BJP CM
Punjab2.2Other party
Chhattisgarh2.19BJP CM
Delhi (NCT)1.58BJP CM
Jammu and Kashmir (UT)0.98INDIA bloc
Uttarakhand0.84BJP CM
Himachal Pradesh0.53INDIA bloc
Tripura0.3BJP CM
Meghalaya0.24NDA ally
Manipur0.23BJP CM
Nagaland0.16NDA ally
Puducherry (UT)0.12NDA ally
Arunachal Pradesh0.11BJP CM
Goa0.11BJP CM
Mizoram0.09Other party
Figure 32.4. Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (officers in position)
Hindutva-aligned 7,638 officers in position · 75.1%Opposed 2,533 officers in position · 24.9%Transactional 0 officers in position · 0.0%Neutral / not counted 0 officers in position · 0.0%
Data table
officers in positionShare
Hindutva-aligned7,63875.1%
Opposed2,53324.9%
Transactional00.0%
Neutral / not counted00.0%
Figure 32.5. The 15 biggest of 50 (officers in position)
IAS Uttar Pradesh cadre571
IPS Uttar Pradesh cadre510
IPS AGMUT cadre427
IAS AGMUT cadre406
IAS Madhya Pradesh cadre391
IAS Maharashtra cadre359
IAS Tamil Nadu cadre343
IPS West Bengal cadre319
IPS Maharashtra cadre306
IAS Bihar cadre303
IAS West Bengal cadre303
IAS Karnataka cadre273
IPS Madhya Pradesh cadre271
IAS Rajasthan cadre268
IAS Gujarat cadre255
Hindutva-alignedOpposed
Data table
officers in positionSide
IAS Uttar Pradesh cadre571Hindutva-aligned
IPS Uttar Pradesh cadre510Hindutva-aligned
IPS AGMUT cadre427Hindutva-aligned
IAS AGMUT cadre406Hindutva-aligned
IAS Madhya Pradesh cadre391Hindutva-aligned
IAS Maharashtra cadre359Hindutva-aligned
IAS Tamil Nadu cadre343Opposed
IPS West Bengal cadre319Hindutva-aligned
IPS Maharashtra cadre306Hindutva-aligned
IAS Bihar cadre303Hindutva-aligned
IAS West Bengal cadre303Hindutva-aligned
IAS Karnataka cadre273Opposed
IPS Madhya Pradesh cadre271Hindutva-aligned
IAS Rajasthan cadre268Hindutva-aligned
IAS Gujarat cadre255Hindutva-aligned
Figure 32.6. Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (number of appointments)
Hindutva-aligned 53 number of appointments · 79.1%Opposed 13 number of appointments · 19.4%Transactional 0 number of appointments · 0.0%Neutral / not counted 1 number of appointments · 1.5%
Data table
number of appointmentsShare
Hindutva-aligned5379.1%
Opposed1319.4%
Transactional00.0%
Neutral / not counted11.5%
Figure 32.7. The 15 biggest of 67 (number of appointments)
Lateral entry: Kakoli Ghosh (Joint Secretary, Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare)1
Lateral entry: Amber Dubey (Joint Secretary, Civil Aviation)1
Lateral entry: Arun Goel (Joint Secretary, Commerce)1
Lateral entry: Rajeev Saksena (Joint Secretary, Economic Affairs)1
Lateral entry: Sujit Kumar Bajpayee (Joint Secretary, Environment, Forest & Climate Change)1
Lateral entry: Saurabh Mishra (Joint Secretary, Financial Services)1
Lateral entry: Dinesh Dayanand Jagdale (Joint Secretary, New & Renewable Energy)1
Lateral entry: Suman Prasad Singh (Joint Secretary, Road Transport & Highways)1
Lateral entry: Bhushan Kumar (Joint Secretary, Shipping)1
Lateral entry: Samuel Praveen Kumar (Joint Secretary, Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare)1
Lateral entry: Manish Chadha (Joint Secretary, Commerce)1
Lateral entry: Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy (Joint Secretary, Revenue)1
Lateral entry: Kapil Ashok Bendre (Director, Agriculture (Agriculture Marketing))1
Lateral entry: Neeraj Gaba (Director, Commerce (Exports Marketing))1
Lateral entry: Sagar Rameshrao Kadu (Director, Commerce (Logistics))1
Data table
number of appointmentsSide
Lateral entry: Kakoli Ghosh (Joint Secretary, Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Amber Dubey (Joint Secretary, Civil Aviation)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Arun Goel (Joint Secretary, Commerce)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Rajeev Saksena (Joint Secretary, Economic Affairs)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Sujit Kumar Bajpayee (Joint Secretary, Environment, Forest & Climate Change)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Saurabh Mishra (Joint Secretary, Financial Services)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Dinesh Dayanand Jagdale (Joint Secretary, New & Renewable Energy)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Suman Prasad Singh (Joint Secretary, Road Transport & Highways)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Bhushan Kumar (Joint Secretary, Shipping)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Samuel Praveen Kumar (Joint Secretary, Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Manish Chadha (Joint Secretary, Commerce)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy (Joint Secretary, Revenue)1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Kapil Ashok Bendre (Director, Agriculture (Agriculture Marketing))1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Neeraj Gaba (Director, Commerce (Exports Marketing))1Hindutva-aligned
Lateral entry: Sagar Rameshrao Kadu (Director, Commerce (Logistics))1Hindutva-aligned
Figure 32.8. The 15 biggest of 23 (number of records)
Iyer & Mani (2012), "Traveling Agents: Political Change and Bureaucratic Turnover in India", Review of Economics and1
Iyer & Mani (2012) - numeric estimates1
Bertrand, Burgess, Chawla & Xu (2020), "The Glittering Prizes: Career Incentives and Bureaucrat Performance", Review of1
IAS officers on Central Deputation Reserve1
Proposed amendment to IAS (Cadre) Rules 1954, Rule 6 (central deputation without state consent)1
Delhi services: SC Constitution Bench (11 May 2023) then GNCTD (Amendment) Ordinance (19 May 2023) and Act (Aug 2023)1
Prakash Singh v Union of India (SC, 2006) police reform directions; T.S.R. Subramanian v Union of India (SC, 2013) on1
Durga Shakti Nagpal (IAS, UP)1
Sanjiv Bhatt (IPS, Gujarat)1
Alapan Bandyopadhyay (IAS, West Bengal)1
Three IPS officers (Bholanath Pandey, Praveen Tripathi, Rajeev Mishra) - Nadda convoy incident1
Rajeev Kumar (IPS, Kolkata Police Commissioner)1
T. P. Senkumar (IPS, Kerala DGP)1
Jacob Thomas (IPS, Kerala)1
A. B. Venkateswara Rao (IPS, Andhra Pradesh)1
Data table
number of recordsSide
Iyer & Mani (2012), "Traveling Agents: Political Change and Bureaucratic Turnover in India", Review of Economics and1Neutral / not counted
Iyer & Mani (2012) - numeric estimates1Neutral / not counted
Bertrand, Burgess, Chawla & Xu (2020), "The Glittering Prizes: Career Incentives and Bureaucrat Performance", Review of1Neutral / not counted
IAS officers on Central Deputation Reserve1Neutral / not counted
Proposed amendment to IAS (Cadre) Rules 1954, Rule 6 (central deputation without state consent)1Neutral / not counted
Delhi services: SC Constitution Bench (11 May 2023) then GNCTD (Amendment) Ordinance (19 May 2023) and Act (Aug 2023)1Neutral / not counted
Prakash Singh v Union of India (SC, 2006) police reform directions; T.S.R. Subramanian v Union of India (SC, 2013) on1Neutral / not counted
Durga Shakti Nagpal (IAS, UP)1Neutral / not counted
Sanjiv Bhatt (IPS, Gujarat)1Neutral / not counted
Alapan Bandyopadhyay (IAS, West Bengal)1Neutral / not counted
Three IPS officers (Bholanath Pandey, Praveen Tripathi, Rajeev Mishra) - Nadda convoy incident1Neutral / not counted
Rajeev Kumar (IPS, Kolkata Police Commissioner)1Neutral / not counted
T. P. Senkumar (IPS, Kerala DGP)1Neutral / not counted
Jacob Thomas (IPS, Kerala)1Neutral / not counted
A. B. Venkateswara Rao (IPS, Andhra Pradesh)1Neutral / not counted
Figure 32.9. The 3 biggest of 3 (transfers in career)
Ashok Khemka (IAS, Haryana)57
U. Sagayam (IAS, Tamil Nadu)26
Tukaram Mundhe (IAS, Maharashtra)25
Data table
transfers in careerSide
Ashok Khemka (IAS, Haryana)57Neutral / not counted
U. Sagayam (IAS, Tamil Nadu)26Neutral / not counted
Tukaram Mundhe (IAS, Maharashtra)25Neutral / not counted
Figure 32.10. The 10 biggest of 10 (letters)
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202016
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202615
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202113
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202313
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202412
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 201911
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202511
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 20189
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 20227
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 20172
Data table
lettersSide
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202016Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202615Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202113Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202313Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202412Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 201911Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 202511Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 20189Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 20227Opposed
Constitutional Conduct Group open letters 20172Opposed
Figure 32.11. The 4 biggest of 4 (signatories)
272 eminent citizens letter defending ECI vs "vote chori" campaign (19 Nov 2025)272
Counter-letter on UP anti-conversion ordinance (Jan 2021)224
Forum of Concerned Citizens counter-letter vs CCG "politics of hate" letter (Apr 2022)197
42 former judges letter defending ECI/SIR (8 Oct 2026)42
Data table
signatoriesSide
272 eminent citizens letter defending ECI vs "vote chori" campaign (19 Nov 2025)272Hindutva-aligned
Counter-letter on UP anti-conversion ordinance (Jan 2021)224Hindutva-aligned
Forum of Concerned Citizens counter-letter vs CCG "politics of hate" letter (Apr 2022)197Hindutva-aligned
42 former judges letter defending ECI/SIR (8 Oct 2026)42Hindutva-aligned
Figure 32.12. Hindutva-aligned vs opposed, counted rows (officer)
Hindutva-aligned 30 officer · 54.5%Opposed 25 officer · 45.5%Transactional 0 officer · 0.0%Neutral / not counted 0 officer · 0.0%
Data table
officerShare
Hindutva-aligned3054.5%
Opposed2545.5%
Transactional00.0%
Neutral / not counted00.0%
Figure 32.13. The 15 biggest of 55 (officer)
Raj Kumar Singh1
Satya Pal Singh1
Aparajita Sarangi1
Hardeep Singh Puri1
S. Jaishankar1
Ashwini Vaishnaw1
Alphons Kannanthanam1
A. K. Sharma1
K. Annamalai1
V. K. Singh1
Brijlal1
Asim Arun1
Rajeshwar Singh1
O. P. Choudhary1
Mani Shankar Aiyar1
Hindutva-alignedOpposed
Data table
officerSide
Raj Kumar Singh1Hindutva-aligned
Satya Pal Singh1Hindutva-aligned
Aparajita Sarangi1Hindutva-aligned
Hardeep Singh Puri1Hindutva-aligned
S. Jaishankar1Hindutva-aligned
Ashwini Vaishnaw1Hindutva-aligned
Alphons Kannanthanam1Hindutva-aligned
A. K. Sharma1Hindutva-aligned
K. Annamalai1Hindutva-aligned
V. K. Singh1Hindutva-aligned
Brijlal1Hindutva-aligned
Asim Arun1Hindutva-aligned
Rajeshwar Singh1Hindutva-aligned
O. P. Choudhary1Hindutva-aligned
Mani Shankar Aiyar1Opposed

32.6Evidence base

The arena rests on 221 coded units. Of the units and flows, 128 are coded Hindutva-aligned, 63 opposed and 30 neutral, mixed or transactional. By source grade: 64 grade A, 4 grade B, 148 grade C, 1 grade D, 4 grade E.

The full set of rows for this arena, each with its source, is in the Atlas data file (Appendix D).

Notes

  1. CCG letters; DoPT. ↩